Ayat 31
۞ يٰبَنِيْٓ اٰدَمَ خُذُوْا زِيْنَتَكُمْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍ وَّكُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا وَلَا تُسْرِفُوْاۚ اِنَّهٗ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُسْرِفِيْنَ ࣖ ٣١
English Sahih Internasional
31. O children of Adam, take your adornment at every masjid, and eat and drink, but be not excessive. Indeed, He likes not those who commit excess.
Asbab Al-Nuzul
(O Children of Adam! Look to your adornment at every place of worship…) [7:31]. Sa‘id ibn Muhammad al-‘Adl informed us> Abu ‘Amr ibn Hamdan> al-Hasan ibn Sufyan> al-Hasan ibn Hammad al-Warraq> Abu Yahya al-Himmani> Nasr ibn al-Hasan al-Haddad> ‘Ikrimah> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “Some of the Bedouins used to circumambulate the Sacred House completely naked to the extent that their women circumambulated the House completely naked except for straps — like the straps placed on the faces of donkeys to protect them from flies — placed around their lower parts, reciting: ‘Today some or all of it will show/And whatever appears of it, I do not make it lawful’. Allah, exalted is He, therefore, revealed to His Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace: (O Children of Adam! Look to your adornment at every place of worship…) and so, they were commanded to wear clothes”. ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad al-‘Attar informed us> Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Hafiz> Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub al-Ma‘qili> Ibrahim ibn Marzuq> Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi> Shu‘bah> Salamah ibn Kuhayl> Muslim al-Batin> Sa‘id ibn Jubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “In the pre-Islamic period, women used to go round the Sacred House completely naked, except for a rag around their private parts, reciting: Today some or all of it will show And whatever appears of it, I do not make it lawful. And so this verse (Look to your adornment at every place of worship…) was revealed; as was revealed (Say: Who hath forbidden the adornment of Allah which He hath brought forth for His bondmen…) [7:32-33]”. Narrated by Muslim from Bundar from Ghundar from Shu‘bah. Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Farisi informed us> Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hamdun> Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hafiz> Muhammad ibn Yahya> Isma‘il ibn Uways> his brother> Sulayman ibn Bilal> Muhammad ibn Abi ‘Atiq> Ibn Shihab> Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman who said: “It was the norm according to the religion which they followed that, when they went to pilgrimage and returned from Mina, none of them was allowed to go round the House with the clothes which they wore. And so, whoever wanted to go round the House had to undress and put his clothes aside until after circumambulation. This act was supposed to display more piety from the person who did it. Allah, exalted is He, then revealed about them (O Children of Adam! Look to your adornment at every place of worship…) up to His words (for people who have knowledge) [7:32]. This was revealed about those who go round the Sacred House naked”. Said al-Kalbi: “During the days of pilgrimage, people of the pre-Islamic period ate very little and refrained from fats as a sign of their glorification of pilgrimage. The Muslims said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, we have a better right to do that’, and as a result, Allah, exalted is He, revealed (and eat) meat and fats (and drink)”.
Ayat 175
وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَاَ الَّذِيْٓ اٰتَيْنٰهُ اٰيٰتِنَا فَانْسَلَخَ مِنْهَا فَاَتْبَعَهُ الشَّيْطٰنُ فَكَانَ مِنَ الْغَاوِيْنَ ١٧٥
English Sahih Internasional
175. And recite to them, [O Muhammad], the news of him to whom we gave [knowledge of] Our signs, but he detached himself from them; so Satan pursued him, and he became of the deviators.
Asbab Al-Nuzul
(Recite unto them the tale of him to whom We gave Our revelations, but he sloughed them off…) [7:175].
Ibn Mas'ud said: “This verse was revealed about Bal'am ibn Abrah, one of the Children of Israel”, while Ibn 'Abbas and other commentators of the Qur'an said this relates to Bal'am ibn Ba'ura. Said al-Walibi: “He was a man from the city of al-Jabbarin and his name was Bal'am. This man knew Allah's greatest name. When Moses, peace be upon him, went to this city, his cousins and people went to see Bal'am and said to him:
'Moses is a tough man and he has a huge army. He will definitely destroy us if he ever conquers us. Pray to Allah that he drives Moses and those with him away from us'. The man said: 'I will lose both this world and the next if I were to pray to Allah to drive away Moses and those with him'. But they kept insisting until he prayed against Moses and those with him. As a result, [Allah] stripped him of what he had. Hence Allah's saying (but he sloughed them off…)”. Said 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As and Zayd ibn Aslam: “This verse was revealed about Umayyah ibn Abi al-Salt al-Thaqafi who had studied the Scriptures and knew that Allah was about to send a messenger at around that time, hoping to be himself that messenger. When Allah, exalted is He, sent Muhammad, Allah bless him and give him peace, he envied him resentfully and disbelieved in him”. Ibn 'Abbas said, according to the report of 'Ikrimah: “This verse is about a man who was given three prayers which were answered. This man had a wife called al-Basus who loved him, and from her he had children. One day she said to him: 'Let one of those answered prayers of yours be for me'. He said: 'One is for you, what do you wish for?' She said: 'Ask Allah to make me the most beautiful woman among the Children of Israel'. [He did and] when she knew that there was no one like her, she shunned him and wanted something else. The man prayed to Allah to make her a barking dog. And so, two prayers were wasted. Then, her children came to him and said: 'We cannot stand this, our mother has become a barking dog and people are insulting us because of her. Pray that Allah restores her to her initial state'. The man prayed and she became as she was before. But all three answered prayers were now wasted. This is alBasus whose ill-omen became a proverb. People say: He/she is more ill-omened than al-Basus”.
Ayat 187
يَسْـَٔلُوْنَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ اَيَّانَ مُرْسٰىهَاۗ قُلْ اِنَّمَا عِلْمُهَا عِنْدَ رَبِّيْۚ لَا يُجَلِّيْهَا لِوَقْتِهَآ اِلَّا هُوَۘ ثَقُلَتْ فِى السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالْاَرْضِۗ لَا تَأْتِيْكُمْ اِلَّا بَغْتَةً ۗيَسْـَٔلُوْنَكَ كَاَنَّكَ حَفِيٌّ عَنْهَاۗ قُلْ اِنَّمَا عِلْمُهَا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ وَلٰكِنَّ اَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُوْنَ ١٨٧
English Sahih Internasional
187. They ask you, [O Muhammad], about the Hour: when is its arrival? Say, "Its knowledge is only with my Lord. None will reveal its time except Him. It lays heavily upon the heavens and the earth. It will not come upon you except unexpectedly." They ask you as if you are familiar with it. Say, "Its knowledge is only with Allah, but most of the people do not know."
Asbab Al-Nuzul
(They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port…) [7:187]. Said ibn 'Abbas: “Jabal ibn Qushayr and Shamwal ibn Zayd, who belonged to the Jews, said: 'O Muhammad, tell us when the last Hour will be, if you are really a prophet, for we know when it is going to be?' And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”. Qatadah said: “The Quraysh said to Muhammad: 'There are between us ties of kinship, so tell us the timing of the last Hour?' And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse (They ask thee of the (destined) Hour)”. Abu Sa'id ibn Abu Bakr al-Warraq informed us> Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Hamdan> Abu Ya'la> 'Uqbah ibn Mukram> Yunus> 'Abd al-Ghaffar ibn al-Qasim> Aban ibn Laqit> Qarzah ibn Hassan who said: “I heard Abu Musa on a Friday on the pulpit of the main mosque of Basrah say: 'The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, was asked about the timing of the last Hour while I was present, and so he said: 'None know its timing except Allah. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. However, I will inform you about its signs and what will happen ahead of it. There will be a lot of trials and harj ahead of the last Hour'. They asked: 'What does harj mean, O Messenger of Allah?' He said: 'This is an Abyssinian word which means killing, dryness of people's hearts and that one is cast among strangers, such that people hardly know each other, those who have good minds will disappear and only a group of weak people will remain who would neither know good nor forbid evil” '.
Ayat 188
قُلْ لَّآ اَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِيْ نَفْعًا وَّلَا ضَرًّا اِلَّا مَا شَاۤءَ اللّٰهُ ۗوَلَوْ كُنْتُ اَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ لَاسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِۛ وَمَا مَسَّنِيَ السُّوْۤءُ ۛاِنْ اَنَا۠ اِلَّا نَذِيْرٌ وَّبَشِيْرٌ لِّقَوْمٍ يُّؤْمِنُوْنَ ࣖ ١٨٨
English Sahih Internasional
188. Say, "I hold not for myself [the power of] benefit or harm, except what Allah has willed. And if I knew the unseen, I could have acquired much wealth, and no harm would have touched me. I am not except a warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe."
Asbab Al-Nuzul
(Say: For myself I have no power to benefit, nor power to hurt…) [7:188]. Said al-Kalbi: “The people of Mecca said: ‘O Muhammad, does not your Lord inform you about lower prices before they go up, and thus you buy and make profit? And does He not inform you about the land which is about to suffer drought and, thus, you travel to a land which is more fertile?’ And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse”.
Ayat 189-191
۞ هُوَ الَّذِيْ خَلَقَكُمْ مِّنْ نَّفْسٍ وَّاحِدَةٍ وَّجَعَلَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا لِيَسْكُنَ اِلَيْهَاۚ فَلَمَّا تَغَشّٰىهَا حَمَلَتْ حَمْلًا خَفِيْفًا فَمَرَّتْ بِهٖ ۚفَلَمَّآ اَثْقَلَتْ دَّعَوَا اللّٰهَ رَبَّهُمَا لَىِٕنْ اٰتَيْتَنَا صَالِحًا لَّنَكُوْنَنَّ مِنَ الشّٰكِرِيْنَ ١٨٩ فَلَمَّآ اٰتٰىهُمَا صَالِحًا جَعَلَا لَهٗ شُرَكَاۤءَ فِيْمَآ اٰتٰىهُمَا ۚفَتَعٰلَى اللّٰهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُوْنَ ١٩٠ اَيُشْرِكُوْنَ مَا لَا يَخْلُقُ شَيْـًٔا وَّهُمْ يُخْلَقُوْنَۖ ١٩١
English Sahih Internasional
189. It is He who created you from one soul and created from it its mate that he might dwell in security with her. And when he covers her, she carries a light burden and continues therein. And when it becomes heavy, they both invoke Allah, their Lord, "If You should give us a good [child], we will surely be among the grateful."
190. But when He gives them a good [child], they ascribe partners to Him concerning that which He has given them. Exalted is Allah above what they associate with Him.
191. Do they associate with Him those who create nothing and they are [themselves] created?
Asbab Al-Nuzul
(He it is Who did create you from a single soul…) [7:189] up to (… but are themselves created) [7:191]. Said Mujahid: “Initially, all the children of Adam and Eve died in their infancy. And so, Satan whispered to them: 'If a boy is born to you, call him 'Abd al-Harith [the slave of al-Harith]'. The name of Satan was, prior to that, al-Harith. Adam and Eve did as he asked them to do, hence the words of Allah, exalted is He: (But when He gave unto them aright, they ascribed to Him partners in respect of that which He had given them…)”.
Ayat 204
وَاِذَا قُرِئَ الْقُرْاٰنُ فَاسْتَمِعُوْا لَهٗ وَاَنْصِتُوْا لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُوْنَ ٢٠٤
English Sahih Internasional
204. So when the Qur'an is recited, then listen to it and pay attention that you may receive mercy.
Asbab Al-Nuzul
(And when the Qur’an is recited, give ear to it and pay heed…) [7:204]. Abu Mansur al-Mansuri informed us> ‘Ali ibn ‘Umar al-Hafiz> ‘Abd Allah ibn Sulayman al-Ash‘ath> al-‘Abbas ibn al-Walid ibn Mizyad> his father> al-Awza‘i> ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amir> Zayd ibn Aslam> his father> Abu Hurayrah who said regarding this verse (And when the Qur’an is recited…): “This was revealed about raising voices while in prayer behind the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace”. Said Qatadah: “When the prayer was first obligated, people used to speak during their prayers. A man would come and shout to his friend: ‘How many units of prayers have you performed?’ and his friend would respond: ‘such-and-such’ [while he is still in his prayer]. And so this verse was revealed”. Al-Zuhri said: “This was revealed about a youth from among the Helpers. Whenever the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, recited something from the Qur’an, this youth joined him in the recitation”. Ibn ‘Abbas said: “Once, the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, read aloud during a prescribed prayer and his Companions read behind him with raised voices which made him stumble in his reading, and so this verse was revealed”. Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, Mujahid, ‘Ata’, ‘Amr ibn Dinar and other commentators of the Qur’an are of the opinion that this verse was revealed about listening to the prayer leader upon giving the sermon of the Friday prayer.